We write the following quail keeping guidelines for the attention of hobby quail keepers or small scale quail keepers who keep quail to provide eggs and/or meat for their family or just as game birds. The quail originates from a wild environment just as any other domesticated animal and it is related to chicken. We should try to give them back at least a little bit of what we have taken from them regarding their lifestyle. They can obviously not take care of themselves locked up so the very minimum that we should provide for the quail is food, water and a healthy environment. The quail’s lifestyle is similar to chicken’s. The quail likes warm weather conditions and they’re (the majority) migratory birds in the wild. If we have the facilities, it’s a good practice to have a winter and a summer place for the quails and move them twice a year. The quails will find this very exciting and this stimulation will even encourage nesting. For their winter accommodation we should move the quails to a light, dry, ventilated but not draughty place. Heating is not necessary unless temperatures fall under -5˚c. In the summer is best to keep the quail outside but again, the they must have access to a dry, drought free place and shade. Obviously you will have to make sure that your enclosure or aviary is safe that no predator can get to your quails. Don’t worry if you can’t provide your quails separate summer and winter place, they will feel just fine at a permanent place if you make that comfortable enough for them.
Keeping quail in cages
As to the quail cage, a quail requires a minimum of ½ sqft of floor space. There are not many specific quail cages around to buy, we make our own design for our layers and breeding stock. Due to growing interest from our customers these cages are now available to buy for the general public as well. Your other choice is to build one yourself. Some quail keepers use a rabbit hatch for keeping their quail in but you have to realise that while the rabbit likes shady dark environment the quail needs much more light to feel good, so the rabbit hutch is not the best choice to use as a quail cage. The floor area of our purpose built quail cage is 6 sqft/tier. This allows you to keep up to12 Japanese (coturnix) quails per tier. On a hobby scale, if you want to give the most possible comfort for your quails, than you put 5 quails into a cage of this size. For egg production this would be 4 hens and 1 cock quail. The “furnishing” of the quail cage should be as follows:
- Litter/Bedding – We believe the most practical bedding for quails is fine wood shavings. The quail loves to take a dust bath which they do in the wood shavings but if you really want to please them put some dry sand into a suitable tray or container, they’ll love it.
- Feeder – the quail feeder can be a small pet bowl, small chicken feeder or a through feeder. If you will use bawl for feeding you should put at least 2 in the cage and in the case of using a through feeder a small 250-300mm (10”-12”) feeder would be sufficient. It’s also practical to place the feeder outside of the cage to save more space for the quail and to prevent the feed contamination by the quails messing on it. You can get feeders that you hang onto the wire mesh of the cage. Hang it from the outside of the cage and make cut outs on the mesh to allow the quail to push their heads through to get to it (width-1 ½”, height-2”). The pet bowl is the least practical solution for hygienic reasons. If you want to place the feed inside the cage use a chicken feeder or a through feeder.
- Drinker – again, the quail drinker can be a small pet bowl, small chicken drinker or if you want to keep the water cleaner, you can do the same as with the feeder, get one that hangs onto the wire mesh from the outside. Obviously make some cut outs as described in the feeder section above.
Make sure that your quails have always dry litter and access to feed and drink at all times.
Another important condition for good quail egg production is to provide the quails with enough light. A layer quail needs 14 hours of light per day for optimal egg production. If you keep your quails in a place where there is enough natural light you will have no problems during the summer period but if you want the quails to keep laying eggs in the winter period as well, you will need to fit a light near the cage to make up for the short daylight. The light doesn’t have to be strong, an energy saving light bulb would do. The same applies if you keep your quails in a dark place like a garage without windows, dark stable, etc. The best practice is to plug in an automatic timer switch for the light, this way you won’t forget to turn it on and off on time.
Warning: DON’T use strong light! If you keep more quail cocks than one in a same cage strong light will make them aggressive and they will start to fight with each other.